What exosomes are
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that cells secrete to carry proteins, lipids and RNA to other cells — a key channel of cell-to-cell communication. In therapy they are usually derived from stem cells.
Why they matter for longevity
Stem-cell exosomes carry many of the signalling molecules thought to underlie regenerative effects, which is why they are marketed as a “cell-free” alternative to stem-cell therapy for skin, joints and “anti-ageing”. The idea is to deliver beneficial signals without injecting live cells.
What the evidence shows
Preclinical studies show exosomes can reduce markers of senescence and aid tissue repair, and early-stage human work is emerging. But this is Experimental: products vary enormously in quality and dosing, regulation is inconsistent, and rigorous human outcome trials are largely missing.
What to ask a clinic
Ask about the source and characterisation of the exosomes, regulatory status, what specific outcome is expected, and what controlled evidence supports it. Be cautious of broad “anti-ageing” claims.