Intervention

GLP-1 receptor agonists

Established evidence

GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g. semaglutide) are injectable drugs originally for type 2 diabetes, now major treatments for obesity. Large trials show they reduce cardiovascular events in specific populations.

Also known as: GLP-1, GLP-1 receptor agonist, GLP-1 agonist, semaglutide, tirzepatide, incretin mimetic

What they are

GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic the gut hormone GLP-1 to release insulin when needed, slow stomach emptying and reduce appetite. Examples include semaglutide and tirzepatide (a dual GLP-1/GIP agonist).

Why they matter

Beyond glucose control, they produce substantial, sustained weight loss, and large randomised trials have shown reductions in major cardiovascular events in people with obesity or diabetes. Because excess weight and cardiometabolic disease are leading drivers of early mortality, this is a meaningful healthspan signal.

What the evidence shows

For weight and cardiovascular outcomes in the studied populations the evidence is strong (hard-endpoint RCTs). What is *not* established is a general “anti-ageing” effect in healthy-weight people, and there are real side-effects (GI symptoms, and open questions about muscle loss).

What to ask a clinic

These are prescription medicines. Ask about eligibility, dose escalation, side-effects, how muscle mass will be protected, and what happens to weight when the drug is stopped.

Sources & references

  1. Lincoff AM, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in obesity without diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2023. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2307563

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Educational information, not medical advice. Evidence ratings follow our methodology.